The role of insulin and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the brain has been extensively revaluated in the last two decades. Several previous studies have shown that insulin is involved in a number of neurotrophic, neuromodulatory, and/or neuroendocrine effects, including the appetite control and energy expenditure and the interaction between insulin resistance, diabetes, and amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease (1, 2).Insulin acts as a growth factor in the brain, providing a neuroprotective action by activating dendritic sprouting, regeneration and stem cell proliferation (3). Together with other peptides, like ghrelin or cholecystokinin, insulin is involved in the complex neuropeptidergic signaling network in the hypothalamus which regulates anabolic and catabolic balance (4)...